![]() ![]() ![]() The role of adaptive inferential feedback as a clinical tool in prevention and intervention programs is emphasized. Moreover, decreases in dysphoria were partially mediated by decreases in depressogenic inferences. Individuals who received adaptive inferential feedback following a stressful life event demonstrated the greatest decreases in dysphoria and depressogenic inferences following the receipt of feedback compared to individuals who received other types of social support. The current study represents the first controlled test of the role of adaptive inferential feedback in the reduction of depressive symptoms and depressogenic cognitive inferences. However, inferential feedback has not been manipulated in any prior study making it difficult to determine if it plays a causal role in depression. Larger, randomized controlled trials are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of this intervention and to identify specific mechanisms of change.Ĭross-sectional and prospective research indicates that inferential feedback, a subtype of social support that addresses the cause, meaning, and consequences of negative life events, impacts depressed mood, depressogenic inferences, and depressive disorders. In conclusion, individual CBT, when modified appropriately, may be a feasible and effective option for PD depression. Gains were maintained at 1-month follow-up. Patients experienced a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and negative cognitions, and an increased perception of social support over the course of treatment. ![]() Caregivers attended 3-4 psychoeducational sessions, occurring separately from the patients treatment sessions, which focused on strategies for offering appropriate support, and ways to respond to the patients' negative thoughts in a targeted manner. Patients received 10-14 sessions of modified individual CBT. Fifteen PD patients with Major Depressive Disorder participated in the study with a caregiver. The present study was conducted to examine the feasibility and effect of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for depression that was modified to meet the unique needs of the PD patient and incorporated a separate social support intervention for caregivers. A detailed case example, illustrating the application of AIF partner training techniques, is included. Further research is needed to investigate any incremental value of this intervention beyond standard CBT. ![]() The patients’ depression, anxiety, negative inferences, and perception of social support, and their partners’ knowledge and provision of AIF significantly improved over the course of the study, with gains maintained at 2-month follow-up. This 10-patient pilot study examines the feasibility and outcome of the augmentation of standard CBT with 4 sessions of AIF partner training. Thus, an AIF partner training intervention, as a supplement to individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), may help to improve clinical outcomes through the continuing reinforcement of the cognitive restructuring that takes place in the context of the patient’s individual treatment. These dysfunctional attributions, which AIF addresses, are a common residual feature of depression amongst remitted patients, and are associated with poor long-term consequences. Further research is needed to investigate any incremental value of this intervention beyond standard cognitive-behavioral treatment.Īdaptive inferential feedback (AIF) partner training is a cognitive technique that teaches the friends and family members of depressed patients to respond to the patients’ dysfunctional thoughts in a targeted manner. Results suggest that this newly developed social support intervention may be feasible, well liked, and possibly beneficial to depressed patients. The present case examines the effectiveness of a standard 14-session cognitive-behavioral treatment augmented with 4 AIF partner-training sessions. A short-term adaptive inferential feedback (AIF) training manual was developed for the partners (e.g., friends, family members) of depressed patients. Inferential feedback is a subtype of social support that addresses an individual's perception of the cause, meaning, and consequences of negative life events and may be either adaptive or maladaptive. Not all types of support are necessarily beneficial. Yet, standardized social support interventions, with the primary intent of alleviating a patient's depression, have not been incorporated into evidence-based treatments for mood disorders. It has been clearly documented that social support exerts a salubrious impact on depression. ![]()
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